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1 Pennsylvania
n. Pennsylvania (stat i USA) -
2 Pennsylvania
n. Pennsylvenië (staat in de USA) -
3 Pennsylvania
• stát v USA -
4 Drake, Edwin Laurentine
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 29 March 1819 Greenville, New York, USAd. 8 November 1880 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American pioneer oil driller.[br]He worked on his father's farm, was a clerk in a hotel and a store, and then became an express agent at a railway company in Springfield, Massachusetts, c.1845. After he had been working as a railway conductor in New Haven, Connecticut, for eight years, he resigned because of ill health. Owning some stocks in a Pennsylvania rock-oil company, which gathered oil from ground-level seepages mainly for medicinal use, he was engaged by this company and moved to Titusville, Pennsylvania, at the age of almost 40. After studying salt-well drilling by cable tool, which was still percussive, he became enthusiastic about the idea of using the same method to drill for oil, especially after researches in chemistry had revealed this new sort of fossil energy some years before.As a manager of the Seneca Oil Company, which referred to him as "Colonel" in letters of introduction simply to impress people with such titles, Drake began drilling in 1858, almost at the same time as pole-tool drilling for oil was started in Germany. His main contribution to the technology was the use of an iron pipe driven through the quicksand and the bedrock to prevent the bore-hole from filling. After nineteen months he struck oil at a depth of 21 m (69 ft) in August 1859. This was the first time that petroleum was struck at its source and the first proof of the presence of oil reservoirs within the earth's surface. Drake inaugurated the search for and the exploitation of the deep oil resources of the world and he initiated the science of petroleum engineering which became established at the beginning of the twentieth century.Drake failed to patent his drilling method; he was content being an oil commission merchant and Justice of the Peace in Titusville, which like other places in Pennsylvania became a boom town. Four years later he went to New York, where he lost all his money in oil speculations. He became very ill again and lived in poverty in Vermont and New Jersey until 1873, when he moved to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he was pensioned by the state of Pennsylvania. The city of Titusville erected a monument to him and founded the Drake Museum.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography, Vol. III, pp. 427–8.Ida M.Tarbell, 1904, "The birth of industry", History of the Standard Oil Company, Vol. I, New York (gives a lively description of the booming years in Pennsylvania caused by Drake's successful drilling).H.F.Williamson and A.R.Daum, 1959, The American Petroleum Industry. The Age of Illumination, Evans ton, Ill.WKBiographical history of technology > Drake, Edwin Laurentine
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5 Ellet, Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1 January 1810 Penn's Manor, Pennsylvania, USAd. 21 June 1862 Cairo, Illinois, USA[br]American engineer who built the world's first long-span wire-cable bridge.[br]Ellet worked for three years as a surveyor and assistant engineer and then studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He travelled widely in Europe and returned to the USA in 1832. In 1842 he completed the first wire suspension bridge in the USA at Fairmont, Pennsylvania, and in 1846–9 redesigned and built the world's first long-span wire-cable bridge over the Ohio River at Wheeling. It had a central span of 308 m (1,010 ft). It failed in 1854 due to aerodynamic instability. He invented naval rams and in the American Civil War he equipped nine Mississippi river boats as rams; they defeated a fleet of Confederate rams. He died in battle.[br]Further ReadingThe Macmillan Dictionary of Biography, 1981.IMcN -
6 Gibbon, John Heysham
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 29 September 1903 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 5 February 1973 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American cardiothoracic surgeon, pioneer of the heart-lung apparatus and artificial ventilation in thoracic surgery.[br]Gibbon studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and qualified MD in 1929. He held research fellowships at Harvard from 1930 to 1936 and then moved to similar posts and an assistant professorship at the University of Pennsylvania. After a period involving service with the Army, he was appointed Professor of Surgery and Director of Surgical Research at Jefferson in 1946. His research, assisted by his wife, was particularly directed towards the construction of an artificial mechanical heart and lung apparatus which would maintain circulation and respiration during the course of chest surgery involving heart and lungs. The resulting developments have been fundamental to the expansion of cardiac and coronary surgery.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCity of Philadelphia John Scott Medal 1953. American Heart Association 1965.Bibliography1939, "An oxygenator with a large surface volume ratio", J. Lab. Clin. Med.1954, "Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery", Minn. Med.1962 (ed.), Surgery of the Chest.1970, "The development of the heart-lung apparatus", Rev. Surg.MG -
7 Taylor, Frederick Winslow
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 20 March 1856 Germantown, Pennsylvania, USAd. 21 March 1915 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and pioneer of scientific management.[br]Frederick W.Taylor received his early education from his mother, followed by some years of schooling in France and Germany. Then in 1872 he entered Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, to prepare for Harvard Law School, as it was intended that he should follow his father's profession. However, in 1874 he had to abandon his studies because of poor eyesight, and he began an apprenticeship at a pump-manufacturing works in Philadelphia learning the trades of pattern-maker and machinist. On its completion in 1878 he joined the Midvale Steel Company, at first as a labourer but then as Shop Clerk and Foreman, finally becoming Chief Engineer in 1884. At the same time he was able to resume study in the evenings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, and in 1883 he obtained the degree of Mechanical Engineer (ME). He also found time to take part in amateur sport and in 1881 he won the tennis doubles championship of the United States.It was while with the Midvale Steel Company that Taylor began the systematic study of workshop management, and the application of his techniques produced significant increases in the company's output and productivity. In 1890 he became Manager of a company operating large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin, until 1893 when he set up on his own account as a consulting engineer specializing in management organization. In 1898 he was retained exclusively by the Bethlehem Steel Company, and there continued his work on the metal-cutting process that he had started at Midvale. In collaboration with J.Maunsel White (1856–1912) he developed high-speed tool steels and their heat treatment which increased cutting capacity by up to 300 per cent. He resigned from the Bethlehem Steel Company in 1901 and devoted the remainder of his life to expounding the principles of scientific management which became known as "Taylorism". The Society to Promote the Science of Management was established in 1911, renamed the Taylor Society after his death. He was an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was its President in 1906; his presidential address "On the Art of Cutting Metals" was reprinted in book form.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsParis Exposition Gold Medal 1900. Franklin Institute Elliott Cresson Gold Medal 1900. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1906. Hon. ScD, University of Pennsylvania 1906. Hon. LLD, Hobart College 1912.BibliographyF.W.Taylor was the author of about 100 patents, several papers to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, On the Art of Cutting Metals (1907, New York) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911, New York) and, with S.E.Thompson, 1905 A Treatise on Concrete, New York, and Concrete Costs, 1912, New York.Further ReadingThe standard biography is Frank B.Copley, 1923, Frederick W.Taylor, Father of Scientific Management, New York (reprinted 1969, New York) and there have been numerous commentaries on his work: see, for example, Daniel Nelson, 1980, Frederick W.Taylor and the Rise of Scientific Management, Madison, Wis.RTSBiographical history of technology > Taylor, Frederick Winslow
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8 Vauclain, Samuel Matthews
[br]b. 18 May 1856 Philadelphia, USAd. 4 February 1940 Rosemont, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American locomotive builder, inventor of the Vauclain compound system.[br]Vauclain entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1872 as an apprentice in Altoona workshops and moved to the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1883. He remained with the latter for fifty-seven years, becoming President in 1919 and Chairman of the Board in 1929.The first locomotive to his pattern of compound was built in 1889. There were four cylinders: on each side of the locomotive a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder were positioned one above the other, their pistons driving a common cross-head. They shared, also, a common piston valve. Large two-cylinder compound locomotives had been found to suffer from uneven distribution of power between the two sides of the locomotive: Vauclain's system overcame this problem while retaining the accessibility of a locomotive with two outside cylinders. It was used extensively in the USA and other parts of the world, but not in Britain. Among many other developments, in 1897 Vauclain was responsible for the construction of the first locomotives of the 2–8–2 wheel arrangement.[br]Bibliography1930, Steaming Up (autobiography).Further ReadingObituary, 1941, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 20:180.J.T.van Reimsdijk, 1970, The compound locomotive. Part 1:1876 to 1901', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 43:9 (describes Vauclain's system of compounding).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Vauclain, Samuel Matthews
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9 Drinker, Cecil Kent
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 17 March 1887 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 14 April 1956 Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA[br]American physiologist, co-inventor of the Drinker respirator (iron lung).[br]Drinker attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated MD in 1913. After clinical experience in Boston and, in 1915–16, at Johns Hopkins, he joined the Department of Physiology at Harvard and was appointed Professor in 1924. Apart from continuing his activities in applied physiology, he was also head of the Department of Public Health. As well as investigating poisoning from radium, manganese and carbon monoxide, he was also engaged in a study of the lymphatics and respiration. During the Second World War his earlier work on the iron lung, which he had developed in 1927 with his brother Philip (1894–1972), was deployed in the study and improvement of high-altitude oxygen masks and decompression equipment for service use. He continued an association with the Naval Medical College until 1954, but retired from Harvard in 1948.[br]Bibliography1929, "The use of a new apparatus for the prolonged administration of artificial respiration", American Medical Association (with P. McKhann).1954, The Clinical Physiology of the Lungs.1945, Pulmonary Edema and Inflammation.Further ReadingC.Drinker Bowen, 1970, Family Portrait.MG -
10 Gilpin, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Canals[br]b. 18 March 1728 Chester County, Pennsylvania, USAd. 30 April 1778 Winchester, Virginia, USA[br]American manufacturer.[br]Thomas Gilpin belonged to a wealthy Quaker family descended from Joseph Gilpin, who had emigrated from England in 1696. He received little formal education and was mainly self-educated in mathematics, surveying and science, in which subjects he was particularly interested. With estates in Delaware and Maryland, he was involved in farming and manufacturing. He moved to Philadelphia in 1769, which further extended his activities. With his fortune he was able to indulge his interest in science, and he was one of the original members of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. He wrote papers on the wheat fly, the seventeen-year locust and the migration of herrings. It was through this Society that he became friendly with Benjamin Franklin, to whom he wrote on 10 October 1769 setting out his proposals for and advocacy of a canal linking the Elk River on Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware River and Bay, thereby cutting off a long haul of several hundred miles for vessels around Cape Charles with a dangerous passage unto the Atlantic Ocean. Gilpin also invented a hydraulic pump that delighted Franklin very much. Gilpin had visited England in 1768 during the formation of his ideas for the Chesapeake \& Delaware Canal, and probably visited the Bridgewater Canal while there. Despite his pressing advocacy the canal had to wait until after his death, but later his son Joshua, a director from 1803 to 1824, saw the canal through many difficulties although he had resigned before the official opening in 1829. At the outbreak of the American War of Independence, in 1777, Gilpin, together with other Quakers, was arrested in Philadelphia owing to suspicions of his loyalty on the grounds that as a Quaker he refused to sign the Oath of Allegiance. He was later exiled to Winchester, Virginia, where he died in April 1778.[br]Further Reading1925, "Memoir of Thomas Gilpin", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.R.D.Gray, 1967, The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769–1985, Urbana: Illinois University Press.JHB -
11 Sellers, William
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 September 1824 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USAd. 24 January 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]William Sellers was educated at a private school that had been established by his father and other relatives for their children, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed for seven years to the machinist's trade with his uncle. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1845 he took charge of the machine shop of Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1848 he established his own factory manufacturing machine tools and mill gearing in Philadelphia, where he was soon joined by Edward Bancroft, the firm becoming Bancroft \& Sellers. After Bancroft's death the name was changed in 1856 to William Sellers \& Co. and Sellers served as President until the end of his life. His machine tools were characterized by their robust construction and absence of decorative embellishments. In 1868 he formed the Edgemoor Iron Company, of which he was President. This company supplied the structural ironwork for the Centennial Exhibition buildings and much of the material for the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1873 he reorganized the William Butcher Steel Works, renaming it the Midvale Steel Company, and under his presidency it became a leader in the production of heavy ordnance. It was at the Midvale Steel Company that Frederick W. Taylor began, with the encouragement of Sellers, his experiments on cutting tools.In 1860 Sellers obtained the American rights of the patent for the Giffard injector for feeding steam boilers. He later invented his own improvements to the injector, which numbered among his many other patents, most of which related to machine tools. Probably Sellers's most important contribution to the engineering industry was his proposal for a system of screw threads made in 1864 and later adopted as the American national standard.Sellers was a founder member in 1880 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was also a member of many other learned societies in America and other countries, including, in Britain, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Iron and Steel Institute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. President, Franklin Institute 1864–7.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes Sellers's work on machine tools).Bruce Sinclair, 1969, "At the turn of a screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a standard American thread", Technology and Culture 10:20–34 (describes his work on screw threads).RTS -
12 Walter, Thomas Ustick
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 4 September 1804 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 30 October 1887 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American architect, best known for his construction of the great iron dome of the United States Capitol in Washington.[br]Much of Walter's work was in neo-classical style, of which the Founders' Hall at Girard College in Philadelphia, built 1833–47, is a fine example. On the exterior this is a large-scale Corinthian temple of peripteral octastyle form. Inside, Walter showed his awareness of modern needs with his brick fireproof vaulting. In 1851 Walter was appointed by President Millard Fillmore as Architect to the Capitol in Washington, DC, to enlarge the building to accommodate the greater needs of the day. Between this time and 1865 Walter extended the side wings considerably to provide more space for the House of Representatives and the Senate and, to balance the composition of this much longer elevation, built a new great dome. In style, the dome and drum resemble those of Wren's St Paul's Cathedral in London, but the scale is much greater and the internal construction largely of cast iron: internally the dome measures 98 ft (29.9 m) in diameter and has a total height of 222 ft (67.7 m).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFounder American Institute of Architects 1857; President from 1876.Further ReadingM.Whiffen and F.Keeper, 1981, American Architecture 1607–1976, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.DY -
13 Baldwin, Matthias William
[br]b. 10 November 1795 Elizabethtown, New Jersey, USAd. 7 September 1866 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American builder of steam locomotives, founder of Baldwin Locomotive Works.[br]After apprenticeship as a jeweller, Baldwin set up a machinery manufacturing business, and built stationary steam engines and, in 1832, his first locomotive, Old Ironsides, for the then-new Philadelphia, Germantown \& Norristown Railroad. Old Ironsides achieved only 1 mph (1.6 km/h) on trial, but after experimentation reached 28 mph (45 km/h). Over the next ten years Baldwin built many stationary engines and ten more locomotives, and subsequently built locomotives exclusively.He steadily introduced detail improvements in locomotive design; standardized components by means of templates and gauges from 1838 onwards; introduced the cylinder cast integrally with half of the smokebox saddle in 1858; and in 1862 imported steel tyres, which had first been manufactured in Germany by Krupp of Essen in 1851, and began the practice in the USA of shrinking them on to locomotive wheels. At the time of Matthias Baldwin's death, the Baldwin Locomotive Works had built some 1,500 locomotives: it went on to become the largest locomotive building firm to develop from a single foundation, and by the time it built its last steam locomotive, in 1955, had produced about 75,000 in total.[br]Further ReadingJ.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive—Its Development 1830–1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.J.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.Dictionary of American Biography.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Baldwin, Matthias William
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14 Lewis, Colonel Isaac Newton
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 12 October 1858 New Salem, Pennsylvania, USAd. 9 November 1931 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA[br]American soldier and weapons designer.[br]Lewis graduated from the US Military Academy, West Point, in 1884 and was commissioned into the Artillery. He soon displayed his technical aptitude and in 1891 patented an artillery ranging device. This was followed by further gunnery devices to improve artillery accuracy and a quick-firing field gun. He also displayed an interest in electricity and designed a car lighting system and wind-powered electric lighting.In 1911 he patented the gun that bears his name. The significance of this compared with existing machine guns was its comparatively light weight, which enabled it to be carried and operated by one person. Even so, the US Army showed no interest and so Lewis, by now retired from the Army, moved to Europe and set up a factory to produce it at Liège in Belgium. At the outbreak of war he moved his operation to England and merged it with the Birmingham Small Arms Company. The Lewis gun became the British Army's standard light machine gun during the First World War and was also used on aircraft. The USA eventually had a change of heart and also used the Lewis gun.CMBiographical history of technology > Lewis, Colonel Isaac Newton
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15 Sholes, Christopher Latham
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 14 February 1819 Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, USAd. 17 February 1890 USA[br]American inventor of the first commercially successful typewriter.[br]Sholes was born on his parents' farm, of a family that had originally come from England. After leaving school at 14, he was apprenticed for four years to the local newspaper, the Danville Intelligencer. He moved with his parents to Wisconsin, where he followed his trade as journalist and printer, within a year becoming State Printer and taking charge of the House journal of the State Legislature. When he was 20 he left home and joined his brother in Madison, Wisconsin, on the staff of the Wisconsin Enquirer. After marrying, he took the editorship of the Southport Telegraph, until he became Postmaster of Southport. His experiences as journalist and postmaster drew him into politics and, in spite of the delicate nature of his health and personality, he served with credit as State Senator and in the State Assembly. In 1860 he moved to Milwaukee, where he became Editor of the local paper until President Lincoln offered him the post of Collector of Customs at Milwaukee.That position at last gave Sholes time to develop his undoubted inventive talents. With a machinist friend, Samuel W.Soule, he obtained a patent for a paging machine and another two years later for a machine for numbering the blank pages of a book serially. At the small machine shop where they worked, there was a third inventor, Carlos Glidden. It was Glidden who suggested to Sholes that, in view of his numbering machine, he would be well equipped to develop a letter printing machine. Glidden drew Sholes's attention to an account of a writing machine that had recently been invented in London by John Pratt, and Sholes was so seized with the idea that he devoted the rest of his life to perfecting the machine. With Glidden and Soule, he took out a patent for a typewriter on June 1868 followed by two further patents for improvements. Sholes struggled unsuccessfully for five years to exploit his invention; his two partners gave up their rights in it and finally, on 1 March 1873, Sholes himself sold his rights to the Remington Arms Company for $12,000. With their mechanical skills and equipment, Remingtons were able to perfect the Sholes typewriter and put it on the market. This, the first commercially successful typewriter, led to a revolution not only in office work, but also in work for women, although progress was slow at first. When the New York Young Women's Christian Association bought six Remingtons in 1881 to begin classes for young women, eight turned up for the first les-son; and five years later it was estimated that there were 60,000 female typists in the USA. Sholes said, "I feel that I have done something for the women who have always had to work so hard. This will more easily enable them to earn a living."Sholes continued his work on the typewriter, giving Remingtons the benefit of his results. His last patent was granted in 1878. Never very strong, Sholes became consumptive and spent much of his remaining nine years in the vain pursuit of health.[br]Bibliography23 June 1868, US patent no. 79,265 (the first typewriter patent).Further ReadingM.H.Adler, 1973, The Writing Machine, London: Allen \& Unwin.LRDBiographical history of technology > Sholes, Christopher Latham
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16 PIT
1) Компьютерная техника: Programmable Interval Timer2) Американизм: Personal Identification Tags, Personal Income Tax, Procurement Incarceration And Treatment3) Спорт: Passport In Time, Peach International Tennis4) Военный термин: Photo Interpretation Tool, Polaris industrial team, performance improvement test, photographic interpretation technique, photointerpreter team, pilot-instructor training, preinstallation test, production improvement test5) Техника: Personal Improvement Tools6) Шутливое выражение: Peanut Income Tax, Penis Is Tiny7) Математика: Positive Information Topology8) Религия: Pray Invite Tell, Presbyterians In Training, Priest In Training9) Юридический термин: Police Induction Training, Precision Immobilization Technique10) Экономика: налог на доходы физических лиц (personal income tax)11) Сокращение: Pilot Instructor Training, Principal, Interest, and Taxes, Prioritized Image Transmission12) Университет: Pennsylvania Institute of Technology, Pepperdine Improv Troupe13) Транспорт: Passive Integrated Transponder, Pittsburgh International Airport14) Фирменный знак: Pyramide Internet Technologies15) Деловая лексика: Personnel In Training, Power Integrity And Tolerance, Production, Implementation, And Training, Property Inventory Tasking16) Бурение: pressure integrity test17) Контроль качества: product improvement training18) Химическое оружие: Process Improvement Team, push to talk19) Расширение файла: Compressed Macintosh file archive (PackIt)20) Исследования и разработки (НИОКР): process improvement teams21) Общественная организация: People For Interspecies Tolerance22) Должность: Pilot In Training, Platinum In Training, Prophet In Training23) Аэропорты: Pittsburgh International Airport, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA -
17 pit
1) Компьютерная техника: Programmable Interval Timer2) Американизм: Personal Identification Tags, Personal Income Tax, Procurement Incarceration And Treatment3) Спорт: Passport In Time, Peach International Tennis4) Военный термин: Photo Interpretation Tool, Polaris industrial team, performance improvement test, photographic interpretation technique, photointerpreter team, pilot-instructor training, preinstallation test, production improvement test5) Техника: Personal Improvement Tools6) Шутливое выражение: Peanut Income Tax, Penis Is Tiny7) Математика: Positive Information Topology8) Религия: Pray Invite Tell, Presbyterians In Training, Priest In Training9) Юридический термин: Police Induction Training, Precision Immobilization Technique10) Экономика: налог на доходы физических лиц (personal income tax)11) Сокращение: Pilot Instructor Training, Principal, Interest, and Taxes, Prioritized Image Transmission12) Университет: Pennsylvania Institute of Technology, Pepperdine Improv Troupe13) Транспорт: Passive Integrated Transponder, Pittsburgh International Airport14) Фирменный знак: Pyramide Internet Technologies15) Деловая лексика: Personnel In Training, Power Integrity And Tolerance, Production, Implementation, And Training, Property Inventory Tasking16) Бурение: pressure integrity test17) Контроль качества: product improvement training18) Химическое оружие: Process Improvement Team, push to talk19) Расширение файла: Compressed Macintosh file archive (PackIt)20) Исследования и разработки (НИОКР): process improvement teams21) Общественная организация: People For Interspecies Tolerance22) Должность: Pilot In Training, Platinum In Training, Prophet In Training23) Аэропорты: Pittsburgh International Airport, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA -
18 PA
abbr. personal assistant assistente personale* * *PAsigla* * *abbr. personal assistant assistente personale -
19 ISI
2) Спорт: Illinois Swimming Inc3) Военный термин: initial support increments, injury severity index, instrumentation support instruction4) Техника: initial specific impulse5) Химия: Initial State Interaction6) Юридический термин: Integrity Smartness And Intellect7) Грубое выражение: Idiots Stupids And Imbeciles8) Оптика: infrared signature imaging9) Политика: Import Substitution Industrialization10) Телекоммуникации: USC Information Sciences Institute11) Сокращение: Indian Standards Institution, Inter-Service Intelligence directorate (Pakistan), International Statistical Institute, Iron and Steel Institute, Italia Sistemi Inerziali SpA12) Университет: Independent Science Investigation, Indian Statistical Institute, International Students Incorporated13) Физиология: Insulin Sensitivity Index, inter-stimulus intervals14) Электроника: Inter Symbol Interference15) Вычислительная техника: Information Sciences Institute, intelligent standard interface, intersymbol interference, интеллектуальный стандартный интерфейс, Information Society Initiative (UK), Information Sciences Institute (organization, USA), Inter-System Interface (межсистемный интерфейс)16) Нефть: initial shut-in (pressure)17) Фирменный знак: Illinois Swimming Incorporated, Information Services International, Innovative Systems, Inc.18) Образование: In-Service Incentive, инспекция частных школ (independent schools inspectorate (Великобритания))19) Сетевые технологии: Ibm Smartcard Identification, Institute for Scientific Information20) Контроль качества: Indian Standards Institute21) Химическое оружие: in-service inspection22) Авиационная медицина: intersignal interval23) Расширение файла: Internally Specified Index24) Исследования и разработки (НИОКР): Институт научной информации (Pennsylvania, USA)25) Правительство: Inter-Services Intelligence26) НАСА: Instrument/Spacecraft Interface27) Международная торговля: I Sell International -
20 MDT
1) Американизм: Multi Disciplinary Team2) Военный термин: Message Distribution Terminal, Monthly Death Toll, maintenance downtime, mandatory date of transportation, mean detonating time, mobile data terminal, modular display, tactical, mutual defense treaty3) Техника: magnetostrictive displacement transducer, mean diagnostic time, miscellaneous drain tank, mobile digital terminal5) Ветеринария: Motivational Dog Training6) Сокращение: (G) Mission Data (Ground) Terminal, (G) Mission Data (Ground) Terminal, Maintenance Down Time, Mechanical Document Transfer System, Mission Data Table, Mountain Daylight Time (GMT - 0600), Modified Data Tag7) Вычислительная техника: Mountain Daylight Time (-0600, TZ, MST, USA), Mechanical DeskTop (SGI)8) Нефть: простой вследствие технического обслуживания (maintenance downtime), среднее время обнаружения неисправностей (mean diagnostic time), Multiple Downhole Testing9) Космонавтика: московское декретное время10) Транспорт: Harrisburg International, Medium Duty Truck11) Воздухоплавание: Minimum Mean Downtime12) Деловая лексика: Multiple Disciplinary Team13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Modular Dynamic Tester, calculations based on actual downhole measurements, modular dynamic testing, module drilling tool, wireline formation tester, модульный динамический пластоиспытатель (Modular Dynamics Tester), modular dynamic tool (RFT updated)14) Полимеры: mean down time15) Ядерная физика: Maximum Diameter of the Thorax16) Сахалин Р: Modular Dynamics Tester, modular formation dynamic tester17) Океанография: Monitored Drift Tube18) Сахалин Ю: modular formation dynamics tester19) Расширение файла: Microsoft Access Add-in data, Mountain Daylight Time (+0:00)20) Наркотики: mandatory drug testing21) Нефть и газ: Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (Schlumberger), модульный динамический пластоиспытатель многоразового действия, блочный динамический испытатель пласта на кабеле, модульный динамический испытатель пластов, модульный динамический тестер, модульный испытатель пластов22) Правительство: Montana Department of Transportation23) Аэропорты: Harrisburg International Airport, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania USA24) Программное обеспечение: Mod Development Toolkit
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Pennsylvania Military Museum — The Pennsylvania Military Museum is a museum dedicated to the military history of the Pennsylvania, USA. It is operated by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and opened in 1968. The museum is located in the village of Boalsburg,… … Wikipedia
Pennsylvania Academy of Music — The Pennsylvania Academy of Music is a non profit music school in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA. It aims to train students in musical principles, technique, interpretation, and expression. It first opened in 1991. The founders were pianists… … Wikipedia
